![]() Sexo Brasil - Guia do Orgasmo Feminino. Fri, 12:47:30 GMT. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat. See more Abandoned Cars at Abandoned Cars II and III. Contributing photographers: Jim Meachen, Ralph Gable, Jerry Brown, Jim Prueter, Ted Biederman, Peter Hubbard, B. ![]() ![]() A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses or gains that may be incurred by a companion investment. In simple language, a hedge is used to. Nascar diecast, diecast collectibles, nascar collectibles, nascar apparel, diecast cars, die-cast, racing collectibles, diecast depot.
0 Comments
Search Page for Qualified Products List(Each box adds ANOTHER search qualifier.). The next page will give you the option of "drilling down" to a particular record to see more. ![]() ![]()
![]() Even more » Account Options. Sign in; Search settings. Phenyl group - Wikipedia. In organic chemistry, the phenyl group or phenyl ring is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6. H5. Phenyl groups are closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen,which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. Phenyl groups have six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent. Phenyl groups are commonplace in organic chemistry.[1] Although often depicted with alternating double and single bonds, phenyl groups are chemically aromatic and show nearly equal bond lengths between carbon atoms in the ring.[1][2]Nomenclature[edit]Usually, a "phenyl group" is synonymous to C6. H5– and is represented by the symbol Ph or, archaically, Φ. Benzene is sometimes denoted as Ph. H. Phenyl groups are generally attached to other atoms or groups. For example, triphenylmethane (Ph. CH) has three phenyl groups attached to the same carbon center. Many or even most phenyl compounds are not described with the term "phenyl". For example, the chloro derivative C6. H5. Cl is normally called chlorobenzene, although it could be called phenyl chloride. In special (and rare) cases, isolated phenyl groups are detected: the phenyl anion (C6. H5−), the phenyl cation (C6.
H5+), and the phenyl radical (C6. H5·). Although Ph and phenyl uniquely denote C6. H5, substituted derivatives also are described using the phenyl terminology. For example, O2. NC6. H4 is nitrophenyl and F5. C6 is pentafluorophenyl. Monosubstituted phenyl groups (that is, disubstituted benzenes) are associated with electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions and the products follow the arene substitution pattern. So, a given substituted phenyl compound has three isomers, ortho (1,2- disubstitution), meta (1,3- disubstitution) and para (1,4- disubstitution). A disubstituted phenyl compound (trisubstituted benzene) may be, for example, 1,3,5- trisubstituted, or 1,2,3- trisubstituted. Higher degrees of substitution, of which the pentafluorophenyl group is an example, exist, and are named according to IUPAC nomenclature. Etymology[edit]Phenyl is derived from the French word phényle, which in turn derived from Greek phaino – "shining", as the first phenyl compounds named were byproducts of making and refining various gases used for lighting. According to Mc. Murry: "The word is derived from the Greek pheno (“I bear light”), commemorating the discovery of benzene by Michael Faraday in 1. London street lamps."Structure, bonding, characterization[edit]Phenyl compounds are derived from benzene (C6. H6), at least conceptually and often in terms of their production. In terms of its electronic properties, the phenyl group is related to a vinyl group. It is generally considered an inductively withdrawing group (- I), because of the higher electronegativity of sp. M), due to the ability of its π system to donate electron density when conjugation is possible.[4] The phenyl group is hydrophobic. Phenyl groups tend to resist oxidation and reduction. Phenyl groups (like all aromatic compounds) have enhanced stability in comparison to equivalent bonding in aliphatic (non- aromatic) groups. This increased stability is due to the unique properties of aromatic molecular orbitals.[2]The bond lengths between carbon atoms in a phenyl group are approximately 1. In 1. H- NMR spectroscopy, protons of a phenyl group typically have chemical shifts around 7. These chemical shifts are influenced by aromatic ring current and may change depending on substituents. Preparation, occurrence, and applications[edit]Phenyl groups are usually introduced using reagents that behave as sources of the phenyl anion or the phenyl cation. Representative reagents include phenyllithium (C6. H5. Li) and phenylmagnesium bromide (C6. H5. Mg. Br). Electrophiles attack benzene to give phenyl derivatives: C6. H6 + E+ → C6. H5. E + H+where E+ (the "electrophile") = Cl+, NO2+, SO3. These reactions are called electrophilic aromatic substitutions. Phenyl groups are found in many organic compounds, both natural and synthetic (see figure). Most common among natural products is the amino acidphenylalanine, which contains a phenyl group. A major product of the petrochemical industry is "BTX" consisting of benzene, toluene, and xylene - all of which are building blocks for phenyl compounds. The polymerpolystyrene is derived from a phenyl- containing monomer and owes its properties to the rigidity and hydrophobicity of the phenyl groups. Many drugs as well as many pollutants contain phenyl rings. One of the simplest phenyl- containing compounds is phenol, C6. H5. OH. It is often said the resonance stability of phenol makes it a stronger acid than that of aliphaticalcohols such as ethanol (p. For success of any project test estimation and proper execution is equally important as the development cycle. Sticking to the estimation is very important to build. Ka = 1. 0 vs. 1. 6–1. However, a significant contribution is the greater electronegativity of the sp. References[edit]^ ab. March, Jerry (1. 99. Advanced organic chemistry : reactions, mechanisms, and structure (4th ed.). ![]() New York: Wiley. ISBN 0- 4. Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry: Aromaticity". Michigan State University. Virt. Txt. Jml/react. Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)". Retrieved 3 March 2. Hansch, Corwin.; Leo, A.; Taft, R. W. (1. 99. 1- 0. 3- 0. A survey of Hammett substituent constants and resonance and field parameters". Chemical Reviews. ISSN 0. 00. 9- 2. Hameka, Hendrik F. Computation of the structures of the phenyl and benzyl radicals with the UHF method". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. ISSN 0. 02. 2- 3. Silva, Pedro Jorge (2. Inductive and Resonance Effects on the Acidities of Phenol, Enols, and Carbonyl α- Hydrogens". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. ISSN 0. 02. 2- 3. PMID 1. 90. 53. 61. Frequently- asked Basic UNIX Interview Questions With Answers – Download PDF file. Frequently- asked Basic UNIX Interview Questions With Answers – Download PDF file. Also you can Download this “UNIX Interview Questions With Answers” as a PDF file. How do you execute one program from within another? The system calls used for low- level process creation are execlp() and execvp(). The execlp call overlays the existing program with the new one , runs that and exits. The original program gets back control only when an error occurs. NULLA variant of execlp called execvp is used when the number of arguments is not known in advance. NULL2. What is IPC? What are the various schemes available? The term IPC (Inter- Process Communication) describes various ways by which different process running on some operating system communicate between each other. Various schemes available are as follows: Pipes: One- way communication scheme through which different process can communicate. The problem is that the two processes should have a common ancestor (parent- child relationship). However this problem was fixed with the introduction of named- pipes (FIFO). Message Queues : Message queues can be used between related and unrelated processes running on a machine. Shared Memory: This is the fastest of all IPC schemes. The memory to be shared is mapped into the address space of the processes (that are sharing). The speed achieved is attributed to the fact that there is no kernel involvement. But this scheme needs synchronization. Various forms of synchronisation are mutexes, condition- variables, read- write locks, record- locks, and semaphores. What is the difference between Swapping and Paging? Swapping: Whole process is moved from the swap device to the main memory for execution. Process size must be less than or equal to the available main memory. It is easier to implementation and overhead to the system. Swapping systems does not handle the memory more flexibly as compared to the paging systems. Paging: Only the required memory pages are moved to main memory from the swap device for execution. Process size does not matter. Gives the concept of the virtual memory. It provides greater flexibility in mapping the virtual address space into the physical memory of the machine. Allows more number of processes to fit in the main memory simultaneously. Allows the greater process size than the available physical memory. Demand paging systems handle the memory more flexibly. What is major difference between the Historic Unix and the new BSD release of Unix System V in terms of Memory Management? Historic Unix uses Swapping – entire process is transferred to the main memory from the swap device, whereas the Unix System V uses Demand Paging – only the part of the process is moved to the main memory. Historic Unix uses one Swap Device and Unix System V allow multiple Swap Devices. In what way the Fault Handlers and the Interrupt handlers are different? Fault handlers are also an interrupt handler with an exception that the interrupt handlers cannot sleep. Fault handlers sleep in the context of the process that caused the memory fault. The fault refers to the running process and no arbitrary processes are put to sleep. What is validity fault? If a process referring a page in the main memory whose valid bit is not set, it results in validity fault. The valid bit is not set for those pages: – that are outside the virtual address space of a process,– that are the part of the virtual address space of the process but no physical address is assigned to it. What does the swapping system do if it identifies the illegal page for swapping? If the disk block descriptor does not contain any record of the faulted page, then this causes the attempted memory reference is invalid and the kernel sends a “Segmentation violation” signal to the offending process. This happens when the swapping system identifies any invalid memory reference. What are states that the page can be in, after causing a page fault?– On a swap device and not in memory,– On the free page list in the main memory,– In an executable file,– Marked “demand zero”,– Marked “demand fill”. In what way the validity fault handler concludes?– It sets the valid bit of the page by clearing the modify bit.– It recalculates the process priority. At what mode the fault handler executes? At the Kernel Mode. What do you mean by the protection fault? Protection fault refers to the process accessing the pages, which do not have the access permission. A process also incur the protection fault when it attempts to write a page whose copy on write bit was set during the fork() system call. How the Kernel handles the copy on write bit of a page, when the bit is set? In situations like, where the copy on write bit of a page is set and that page is shared by more than one process, the Kernel allocates new page and copies the content to the new page and the other processes retain their references to the old page. After copying the Kernel updates the page table entry with the new page number. Then Kernel decrements the reference count of the old pfdata table entry. In cases like, where the copy on write bit is set and no processes are sharing the page, the Kernel allows the physical page to be reused by the processes. By doing so, it clears the copy on write bit and disassociates the page from its disk copy (if one exists), because other process may share the disk copy. Then it removes the pfdata table entry from the page- queue as the new copy of the virtual page is not on the swap device. It decrements the swap- use count for the page and if count drops to 0, frees the swap space. For which kind of fault the page is checked first? The page is first checked for the validity fault, as soon as it is found that the page is invalid (valid bit is clear), the validity fault handler returns immediately, and the process incur the validity page fault. Kernel handles the validity fault and the process will incur the protection fault if any one is present. In what way the protection fault handler concludes? After finishing the execution of the fault handler, it sets the modify and protection bits and clears the copy on write bit. It recalculates the process- priority and checks for signals. How the Kernel handles both the page stealer and the fault handler? The page stealer and the fault handler thrash because of the shortage of the memory. If the sum of the working sets of all processes is greater that the physical memory then the fault handler will usually sleep because it cannot allocate pages for a process. This results in the reduction of the system throughput because Kernel spends too much time in overhead, rearranging the memory in the frantic pace. What are conditions on which deadlock can occur while swapping the processes?– All processes in the main memory are asleep.– All ‘ready- to- run’ processes are swapped out.– There is no space in the swap device for the new incoming process that are swapped out of the main memory.– There is no space in the main memory for the new incoming process. What are conditions for a machine to support Demand Paging?– Memory architecture must based on Pages,– The machine must support the ‘restartable’ instructions. What is ‘the principle of locality’? It’s the nature of the processes that they refer only to the small subset of the total data space of the process. What is the working set of a process? The set of pages that are referred by the process in the last ‘n’, references, where ‘n’ is called the window of the working set of the process. What is the window of the working set of a process? The window of the working set of a process is the total number in which the process had referred the set of pages in the working set of the process. What is called a page fault? Page fault is referred to the situation when the process addresses a page in the working set of the process but the process fails to locate the page in the working set. And on a page fault the kernel updates the working set by reading the page from the secondary device. What are data structures that are used for Demand Paging? Kernel contains 4 data structures for Demand paging. They are,– Page table entries,– Disk block descriptors,– Page frame data table (pfdata),– Swap- use table. Kodi (software) - Wikipedia. Kodi. Kodi 1. 4. 1 Home Screen, shown in German. Developer(s)XBMC Foundation. Initial release. 20. Xbox Media Player), 2. Xbox Media Center)Stable release. Krypton / 2. 2 August 2. Repositoryhttps: //github. Development status. Active. Written in. C++ core, with C++ (binary) or Python scripts as add- ons (plug- in extensions) from third- party developers[citation needed]Operating system. Windows Vista and later, mac. OS, Android, i. OS, tv. ![]() OS (Apple TV OS), Linux, and Free. BSDPlatform. ARM, ARM6. MIPS, Power. PC, IA- 3. Available in. 75+ languages[3]Type. Media player software, smart TV platform, digital media player, digital video recorder. License. GNU GPL (GPLv. Websitekodi. tv. Kodi (formerly XBMC) is a free and open- sourcemedia player software application developed by the XBMC Foundation, a non- profit technology consortium.[4] Kodi is available for multiple operating systems and hardware platforms, with a software 1. It allows users to play and view most streaming media, such as videos, music, podcasts, and videos from the internet, as well as all common digital media files from local and network storage media.[5]It is a multi- platformhome- theater PC (HTPC) application. Kodi is highly customizable: a variety of skins can change its appearance, and various plug- ins allow users to access streaming media content via online services such as Amazon Prime Instant Video, Crackle, Pandora Internet Radio, Rhapsody, Spotify, and You. ![]() Tube.[6] The later versions also have a personal video- recorder (PVR) graphical front end for receiving live television with electronic program guide (EPG) and high- definition digital video recorder (DVR) support.[7]The software was created as an independently developed homebrew media player application named Xbox Media Center (abbreviated as XBMC) for the first- generation Xbox game console,[5][8][9] and was later made available under the name XBMC as a native application for Android, Linux, BSD, mac. OS, i. OS/tv. OS, and Microsoft Windows- based operating systems.[1. Because of its open source and cross- platform nature, with its core code written in C++, modified versions of Kodi- XBMC together with a Je. OS have been used as a software appliance suite or software framework in a variety of devices including smart TVs, set- top boxes, digital signage, hotel television systems, network connected media players and embedded systems based on armhf platform like Raspberry Pi. Derivative applications such as Media. Portal and Plex have been spun off from XBMC or Kodi, as well as Just enough operating systems like Open. ELEC and Libre. ELEC.[1. Kodi has attracted negative attention due to the availability of third- party plug- ins for the software that facilitate unauthorized access to copyrighted media content, as well as "fully loaded" digital media players that are pre- loaded with such add- ons; the XBMC Foundation has not endorsed any of these uses, and has taken steps to disassociate the Kodi project from these illegal products, including threatening legal action against those using its trademarks to promote them.[1. Overview[edit]Kodi supports most common audio, video, and image formats, playlists, audio visualizations, slideshows, weather forecasts reporting, and third- party plugins. It is network- capable (internet and home network shares). How to Use BitTorrent. Torrent files are one of the most popular forms of file sharing on the internet, and they can look a little daunting to newcomers. Once you. Great Windows software for all your needs: Antiviruses (Avast Free Antivirus), Web browsers (Google Chrome), Cloud storages (Dropbox), E-mail (Microsoft Office. ![]() Unlike other media center applications such as Windows Media Center, Media. Portal and Myth. TV, Kodi does not include its own internal digital TV- tuner code for Live TV or DVR/PVR recording functionality, as instead it acts as a unified DVR/PVR front- end with an EPG TV- Guide GUI interface which, via a common API interface, abstracts and supports multiple back- ends via PVR client add- ons from third parties, with those running either locally on the same machine or over the network.[6][1. Plug- ins, using either C/C++ programming languages to create binary add- ons or the Python scripting language to create Script Addons, expand Kodi to include features such as television program guides, You. Tube, Hulu, Netflix, Veoh, online movie trailer support, and Pandora Radio and podcast streaming. Kodi also functions as a game launcher on any operating system.[1. Kodi's source code is distributed as open source under the GNU General Public License (GPL),[1. US organization, XBMC Foundation, and is owned and developed by a global free software community of unpaid volunteers.[2. Even though the original XBMC project no longer develops or supports XBMC for the Xbox, XBMC on the Xbox is still available via the third- party developer spin- off project "XBMC4. Xbox", which forked the Xbox version of the software and completely took over the development and support of XBMC for the old Xbox. The ending of Xbox support by the original project was also the reason that it was renamed "XBMC" from the old "Xbox Media Center" name, and why it later was renamed "Kodi".[2. The Xbox version of XBMC had the ability to launch console games, and homebrew applications such as emulators. Since the XBMC for Xbox version was never distributed, endorsed, or supported by Microsoft, it always required a modchip or softmod exploit to run on the Xbox game- console.[5][8][9][1. Screenshots[edit]Home Screen of the "Confluence" skin. Home screen of the "PM3. Download Google Chrome, Skype, Firefox, VLC Media Player, Popcorn Time.HD" skin. Hardware requirements[edit]Kodi has greater basic hardware requirements than traditional 2. D style software applications: it needs a 3. D capable graphics hardware controller for all rendering. Powerful 3. D GPU chips are common today in most modern computer platforms, including many set- top boxes, and XBMC, now Kodi, was from the start designed to be otherwise very resource efficient for being as powerful and versatile framework as it is. It runs well on what (by Intel Atom standards) are relatively underpowered Open. GL 1. 3 (with GLSL support), Open. GL ES 2. 0 or Direct. D (Direct. X) 9. 0 capable systems that are IA- 3. ARM (AArch. 32 and AArch. Power. PC G4 or later CPU based.[1. When software decoding of a Full HD 1. CPU, a dual- core 2 GHz or faster CPU is required in order to allow for perfectly smooth playback without dropping frames or giving playback a jerky appearance. Kodi can however offload most of the video decoding process onto graphics hardware controller or embedded video processing circuits that supports one of the following types of hardware- accelerated video decoding: [2. Google's Media. Codec API for Android, Intel's VAAPI, Nvidia's VDPAU API, AMD's Xv. BA API, Microsoft's DXVA API, Apple's VDADecoder/Video. Tool. Box APIs, and the Khronos Group's Open. MAX API,[2. 9][3. AMLogic VPU,[3. 1]Freescale's i. MX6x series VPU, and Raspberry Pi's GPU MMAL. By taking advantage of such hardware- accelerated video decoding, Kodi can play back most videos on many inexpensive, low- performance systems, as long as they contain a supported VPU or GPU. Language support[edit]Kodi includes full internationalization and localization support with translations to many different languages by default, with its language files translated to over 7. Available languages in Kodi are: Afrikaans. Albanian. Amharic. Arabic. Armenian. Azerbaijani. Basque. Belarusian. Bosnian. Bulgarian. Burmese. Catalan. Chinese (Simple)Chinese (Traditional)Croatian. Czech. Danish. Dutch. English. English (Australia)English (New Zealand)English (United States of America)Esperanto. Estonian. Faroese. Finnish. French. French (Canada)Galician. German. Greek. Hebrew. Hindi (Devanagari)Hungarian. Icelandic. Indonesian. Italian. Japanese. Korean. Latvian. Lithuanian. Macedonian. Malay. Malayalam. Maltese. Maori. Mongolian (Mongolia)Norwegian. Ossetic. Persian. Persian (Iran)Polish. Portuguese. Portuguese (Brazil)Romanian. Russian. Serbian. Serbian (Cyrillic)Silesian. Sinhala. Slovak. Slovenian. Spanish. Spanish (Argentina)Spanish (Mexico)Swedish. Tajik. Tamil (India)Telugu. Thai. Turkish. Ukrainian. Uzbek. Vietnamese. Welsh. Kodi's structure is such that if the language is not available, or not up- to- date, it can be made by editing simple strings in an XML- file, which can then be submitted to XBMC's project management and bug tracking system tool for use by others, and after version 1. XBMC switched to using Get. Text PO (Portable Object) formatted files for more easily handled translator translations using Transifex web- based translation platform with online crowd- sourced translation services.[3. The latest version of Kodi supports over 7. App Downloads for Mac - Download, Discover, Share on Uptodown. Download thousands of Mac apps.
Latest Topics | ZDNet. The company announced enhancements to its flash storage, server, hyperconverged, and networking products as well as its financing programs for small and midsize businesses. Natalie Gagliordi in SMBs. ![]() The mission of the Stanford Graduate School of Business is to create ideas that deepen and advance the understanding of management, and with these ideas, develop.This category consists of cse seminar topic with abstract, cse final year Seminar Topic, Seminar topics ideas,seminar topics with PPT.CSE seminar topics 2011. Stop Mickey Mouse from Spying On Your Kids. As if they hadn’t already grafted themselves onto a significant portion of your own childhood memories (damn your catchy classics, Elton John and Phil Collins), the rise of more screens in the household has only meant more of The Mouse for your kids. Yet younger- skewing programming like Doc Mc. Stuffins (currently playing in the adjacent room, much to my infant son’s delight) apparently isn’t enough mental real estate for the animation giant, as they’ve been accused of using apps to collect illegal data from child users. Because why would you ever want to leave the Happiest Place on Earth? My wife and are I about to have a baby, which is great! But as most new parents quickly learn,…Read more A California- based plaintiff has filed suit against both Disney and Viacom (who owns Nickelodeon, among several other networks), accusing them of violating privacy laws enacted to protect children, specifically the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule. Disney denied the suit’s merit, while Viacom has yet to issue a statement, as Consumerist reported earlier this week. With 4. 2 Disney apps and 1. Viacom apps listed in the suit (read the full list here), here are a few ways to protect your child’s privacy if they insist on using apps (they will): Set up the App Yourself. ![]() ![]() Install apps that your children want and use them yourself first. This lets you check for any suspicious data collection points, and will give you a sense for whether anything could be problematic within the app (one touch purchase prompts, for instance). The Roomba 9. 00 Series offers a Clean Map Report, which maps your home as it vacuums, improving its…Read more Review the Permissions. Most apps must request permission to access certain features in devices (location services, camera, microphone, etc.). If you didn’t screen these during the app setup, or you want to check back on what previously- installed apps have access to, review app permissions in your phone’s settings. Turn off anything that isn’t absolutely necessary to the app’s function. Uninstall the App If you’re on the fence, sometimes it’s better to be safe and delete a troubling app outright. However, uninstalling may not be enough, as some apps may require you to erase a profile or other user data to fully delete any data tracked by the app. ![]() You can double check whether data has been erased by reinstalling the app and seeing if a login was preserved. Punt Your Smartphone Into a Body of Water, Pack Your Familial Belongings in a Van, Drive Until You No Longer See City Lights Sometimes going off the grid is the only option. Besides, who needs the music of “Frozen,” when you can whittle a perfectly good pan flute? Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967), known professionally as R. Kelly, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and former professional. Offers news, comment and features about the British arts scene with sections on books, films, music, theatre, art and architecture. Requires free registration. Potřebujete poradit? Nevíte, jaké zvolit palubky či podlahovky? Zeptejte se odborníků na palubky a podlahovky. Crack status of Denuvo games. Go to the Apple or Android Appstore and download "Push. Over". Open Pushover, then register and go to "Settings". Copy the "User Key" below. Pushover User Key . ![]() ![]() Store & share your files with uploaded. Learn more about our services (video)After entering your e. Mail addres and receipt of your registration you'll simultaneously receive your personal access data from us. This is always free of charge. Hamburg - Wikipedia. Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg. State of Germany. Coordinates: 5. 3°3. N1. 0°0. 0′0. 5″E / 5. N 1. 0. 0. 01. 39°E / 5. Coordinates: 5. 3°3. N1. 0°0. 0′0. 5″E / 5. N 1. 0. 0. 01. 39°E / 5. Country. Germany. Government • First Mayor. NEON. Neon, real name Stijn D’hont, was born in Destelbergen, near gent in 1985. Destelbergen was known for the “Boccaccio Life”, the famous new beat temple in. Geography. Hamburg is on the southern point of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the. Olaf Scholz (SPD) • Governing parties. SPD / The Greens • Bundesrat votes. Area • City. 75. 5 km. Population (3. 1 December 2. City. 1,7. 87,4. 08 • Density. Metro. 5,0. 46,1. Demonym(s)Hamburger[2]Time zone. CET (UTC+1) • Summer (DST)CEST (UTC+2)Postal code(s)2. Area code(s)0. 40. ISO 3. 16. 6 code. DE- HHVehicle registration. HH (1. 90. 6–1. 94. MGH (1. 94. 5)H (1. HG (1. 94. 7)BH (1. GDP/ Nominal€1. 11/$1. GDP per capita€6. NUTS Region. DE6. Websitehamburg. de.
![]() Official logo of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Hamburg (German pronunciation: [ˈhambʊɐ̯k] ( listen), local pronunciation [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç] ( listen); Low German/Low Saxon: Hamborg— [ˈhambɔːç] ( listen)),[a] officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (German: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg)[5] is the second largest city and a state of Germany,[6] with a population of over 1. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city- state, and one of the 1. Germany. Before the 1. Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1. Hanseaten. Though repeatedly destroyed by the Great Fire of Hamburg, the floods, and military conflicts including WW2 bombing raids, the city managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. On the river Elbe, Hamburg is a major port[7] and a global service, media, logistics and industrial hub, with headquarters and facilities of Airbus, Blohm + Voss, Aurubis, Beiersdorf, and Unilever. The radio and television broadcaster NDR, Gruner + Jahr (Europe's largest printing and publishing firm), Der Spiegel and Die Zeit are also based in Hamburg. Hamburg has been an important financial centre for centuries and is the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's second oldest bank, Berenberg Bank. With the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU- LAC Foundation, the UNESCO Institute of Lifelong Learning, many consular and diplomatic missions, and various international conferences like Hamburg Summit: China meets Europe and the 2. G2. 0 Hamburg summit, the city is also a factor in world politics and international law. The city is a tourist destination for both domestic and international visitors, ranked 1. Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2. Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutes. Its creative industries and cultural sites include the Elbphilharmonie and Laeisz concert halls, art venues, music producers, and artists. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's Reeperbahn is among the best known European entertainment districts. Geography[edit]Hamburg is on the southern point of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the north- east. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. The city centre is around the Binnenalster ("Inner Alster") and Außenalster ("Outer Alster"), both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. The islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn and Nigehörn, 1. Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of the city of Hamburg.[1. The neighbourhoods of Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop and Finkenwerder are part of the Altes Land (old land) region, the largest contiguous fruit- producing region in Central Europe. Neugraben- Fischbek has Hamburg's highest elevation, the Hasselbrack at 1. AMSL.[1. 1] Hamburg borders the states of Schleswig- Holstein and Lower Saxony. Climate[edit]Hamburg has an oceanic climate (Cfb), influenced by its proximity to the coast and marine air masses that originate over the Atlantic Ocean. Nearby wetlands also enjoy a maritime temperate climate. Snowfall differs a lot in the past decades: while in the late 1. The warmest months are June, July, and August, with high temperatures of 2. C (6. 8. 2 to 7. 2. F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with low temperatures of −0. C (3. 1. 5 to 3. 3. F).[1. 5]Climate data for Hamburg. Month. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Record high °C (°F)1. Average high °C (°F)3. Daily mean °C (°F)1. Average low °C (°F)−1. Record low °C (°F)−2. Average rainfall mm (inches)6. Average rainy days (≥ 1. Mean monthly sunshine hours. Source #1: World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[1. Source #2: Deutscher Wetterdienst[1. History[edit]Origins[edit]Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century AD) reported the first name for the vicinity as Treva[1. The name Hamburg comes from the first permanent building on the site, a castle which the Emperor Charlemagne ordered constructed in AD 8. It rose on rocky terrain in a marsh between the River Alster and the River Elbe as a defence against Slavic incursion, and acquired the name Hammaburg, burg meaning castle or fort. The origin of the Hamma term remains uncertain,[1. Medieval Hamburg[edit]In 8. Hamburg was designated as the seat of a bishopric. The first bishop, Ansgar, became known as the Apostle of the North. Two years later, Hamburg was united with Bremen as the Bishopric of Hamburg- Bremen.[2. Hamburg was destroyed and occupied several times. In 8. 45, 6. 00 Viking ships sailed up the River Elbe and destroyed Hamburg, at that time a town of around 5. In 1. 03. 0, King Mieszko II Lambert of Poland burned down the city. Valdemar II of Denmark raided and occupied Hamburg in 1. The Black Death killed at least 6. Hamburg experienced several great fires in the medieval period.[citation needed]In 1. Frederick I "Barbarossa" granted Hamburg the status of an Imperial Free City and tax- free access up[clarification needed] the Lower Elbe into the North Sea. In 1. 26. 5, an allegedly forged letter was presented to or by the Rath of Hamburg.[2. This charter, along with Hamburg's proximity to the main trade routes of the North Sea and Baltic Sea, quickly made it a major port in Northern Europe. Its trade alliance with Lübeck in 1. Hanseatic League of trading cities. On 8 November 1. 26. Henry III and Hamburg's traders allowed them to establish a hanse in London. This was the first time in history that the word hanse was used for the trading guild of the Hanseatic League.[2. In 1. 27. 0, the solicitor of the senate of Hamburg, Jordan von Boitzenburg, wrote the first description of civil, criminal and procedural law for a city in Germany in the German language, the Ordeelbook (Ordeel: sentence).[2. On 1. 0 August 1. German: Rezeß, literally meaning: withdrawal). This is considered the first constitution of Hamburg.[2. In 1. 52. 9, the city embraced Lutheranism, and it received Reformed refugees from the Netherlands and France. Modern times[edit]When Jan van Valckenborgh introduced a second layer to the fortifications to protect against the Thirty Years War in the seventeenth century, he extended Hamburg and created a "New Town" (Neustadt) whose street names still date from the grid system of roads he introduced.[2. Upon the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1. Free Imperial City of Hamburg was not incorporated into a larger administrative area while retaining special privileges (mediatised), but became a sovereign state with the official title of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Hamburg was briefly annexed by Napoleon I to the First French Empire (1. Russian forces under General Bennigsen finally freed the city in 1. Hamburg re- assumed its pre- 1. The Vienna Congress of 1. Hamburg's independence and it became one of 3. German Confederation (1. In 1. 84. 2, about a quarter of the inner city was destroyed in the "Great Fire". The fire started on the night of 4 May and was not extinguished until 8 May. It destroyed three churches, the town hall, and many other buildings, killing 5. Reconstruction took more than 4. After periodic political unrest, particularly in 1. Hamburg adopted in 1. Senate, the governing body of the city- state, by adult taxpaying males. Other innovations included the separation of powers, the separation of Church and State, freedom of the press, of assembly and association. Tabtight professional, free when you need it, VPN service. Offers 50 GB of free storage space. Uploaded files are encrypted and only the user holds the decryption keys. SmartPCFixer™ is a fully featured and easy-to-use system optimization suite. With it, you can clean windows registry, remove cache files, fix errors, defrag disk. Free CSS | 2. 60. Free Website Templates, CSS Templates and Open Source Templates. Free CSS has 2. 60. HTML & CSS in its gallery. The HTML website templates that are showcased on Free CSS. We would personally like to thank all of the website template designers and developers for all of their hard work in creating these free website templates. Without them Free CSS would probably not exist. ![]() Dynamic Drive DHTML(dynamic html) & Java. Script code library. This j. Query script automatically generates a table of contents from all of the. H1, H2, CUSTOM etc), enabling viewers to navigate to key. Set whether to animate the scroll mechanic, limit number of. This script expands any image to fill the entire browser screen when clicked on. It's ideal for. product images or simply high resolution images that demand a larger stage. This compact j. Query script adds an sleek progress bar to either the top. Updated to v. 2. 0, which now supports. Animated Header Menu is more than just a menu, but a modern website header. The result is a polished animated. UI components built in, ready to. A mobile friendly full screen menu that supports multiple levels of sub. Click on a header to bring up the corresponding sub menu. Vanilla. Java. Script and CSS3 powered. This is an up- down message scroller that pauses between. Responsive in nature, the scroller supports percentage widths. CSS3 animations for buttery smooth, mobile optimized animations. Turnitin creates tools for K-12 and higher education that improve writing and prevent plagiarism. Turnitin’s formative feedback and originality checking services.Ajax RSS Display scripts updated to use Yahoo's YQL. Google Feed API due to the later's imminent shutdown. See. this blog post for details. Plex App Features | Home Media Server. Store and stream as much as you have on your server or storage device, without sacrificing quality, security, or performance. Plex does not impose a limit on how much you can stream from your server. Mobile apps require a one- time in- app purchase for full playback capabilities, unless user has a Plex Pass. Kodi® media center, formerly known as XBMC Media Center, is an award-winning free and open source cross-platform software media player and entertainment hub for.Basictricks is a tech blog with full of tips and tricks. We write about whatsapp status, whatsapp dps and s40 series, nokia mobiles. Candy crush saga, soda games. Here are all the machines you can install Lakka on: A PC (remember, it’s its own operating system, so you can’t run Windows or OS X at the same time). Statistical Techniques | Statistical Mechanics. ![]() Partner Perspectives. Partner Perspectives. Partner Perspectives. ![]() White Papers. Current Issue. Digital Transformation Myths & Truths. Transformation is on every IT organization's to- do list, but effectively transforming IT means a major shift in technology as well as business models and culture. In this IT Trend Report, we examine some of the misconceptions of digital transformation and look at steps you can take to succeed technically and culturally.[Interop ITX 2. State Of Dev. Ops Report. The Dev. Ops movement brings application development and infrastructure operations together to increase efficiency and deploy applications more quickly. But embracing Dev. Ops means making significant cultural, organizational, and technological changes. This research report will examine how and why IT organizations are adopting Dev. Ops methodologies, the effects on their staff and processes, and the tools they are utilizing for the best results. See XDA's entire list of Android forums and find apps, ROMs, and discussions for your mobile phone, tablet, or watch. Become a member. Learn how to do just about everything at eHow. Find expert advice along with How To videos and articles, including instructions on how to make, cook, grow, or do. Latest trending topics being covered on ZDNet including Reviews, Tech Industry, Security, Hardware, Apple, and Windows. ![]() Video. Sponsored Video. Slideshows. Twitter Feed. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |